Norham Castle in Northumberland

History and Heritage

As the buffer between England and Scotland, Northumberland’s location has shaped a history of iconic battles and conflict. Roman invasions and Viking attacks have resulted in stunning castles and landmarks for you to feast your eyes on.

It’s all in our history

Every inch of Northumberland hides a piece of history and heritage. The buffer between England and Scotland, Northumberland’s very geographic location has shaped a history of violence and conflict.

The legacy of Northumberland’s embattled past can still be seen today. From the incredible architecture of ancient castles, to 73-miles of Hadrian’s Wall, the county’s heritage sites are a reminder of the many conflicts that have been and gone. 

From the Roman invasion 2,000 years ago, Northumberland has witnessed plundering Viking attacks, seen Anglo Saxon kings fight to the death protecting their kingdom and set the scene for murderous raids by the notorious Border Reivers. There have been territorial battles between England and Scotland which saw the border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed change sides 13 times.

The legacy of Northumberland’s embattled past can still be seen today. There are more castles than any other county in England within its boundaries. The Roman megastructure of Hadrian’s Wall snakes for 73-miles across high volcanic ridges while the forts and pele towers peppered throughout Northumberland’s now peaceful countryside are a reminder of centuries-old carnage.

The past is everywhere you look in Northumberland. The best way to discover it is to explore its ancient sites, battlefields, castles, museums and stately homes.

Recommended
Historic sites

Union Chain Bridge

The Union Chain Bridge spans the River Tweed between Horncliffe, Northumberland, England and Fishwick, Borders, Scotland.
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Historic sites

St Cuthberts Cross

Said to be the location where St Cuthbert agreed to become Bishop of Lindisfarne when petitioned by the king.
Museums

Berwick-upon-Tweed Museum and Art Gallery

Visit Berwick Museum and Art Gallery, located in the Ravensdowne Barracks - the first purpose-built army barracks in England.
Museums

Woodhorn Museum

Woodhorn brings to life Northumberland’s proud mining heritage. Explore the historic buildings, interactive displays and contemporary exhibition programme.
Museums

Hexham Old Gaol

Step into Northumberland's past with a visit to Hexham Old Gaol, England's oldest Gaol.
Historic sites

Chillingham Castle

A medieval castle with stunning views of formal gardens and the Cheviot Hills. Perfect for architectural and naturalist/historical enthusiasts.
Historic Sites Tynemouth

Tynemouth Priory

Tynemouth Castle and Priory on the coast of North East England was once one of the largest fortified areas in England.
Garden Alnwick

Howick Hall Gardens & Arboretum

Beautiful gardens, woodland walks, sensory garden, a Prime Minister and a famous cup of tea - Earl Grey of course since Howick was his home!
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Sightseeing and Leisure Berwick-upon-Tweed

Visit Berwick

Berwick-upon-Tweed is the most Northerly town in England. Famous for Elizabethan Walls, iconic bridges, thriving culture, wildlife and beaches.
Museums Berwick-upon-Tweed

Berwick Barracks & Main Guard

The 'By Beat of Drum' exhibition gives you an insight into the life of the British infantryman from the Civil War to the First World War.
Mountain biking in purple heather
Family walk in Northumberland
Couple enjoying a boat trip
Hadrian's Wall
Surf Northumberland
Outdoor adventures in Northumberland

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